電気自動車バッテリー用防火材料 2024-2034年：市場、トレンド、予測

（詳細は目次のページでご確認ください）

● 概要

● 電気自動車の火災、リコール、熱暴走の事例

● EVにおける現行の安全規制概要

● セル・ツー・パック、セル・ツー・ボディを含むセル・パック設計の概要

● 防火材料のベンチマーク評価、比較、有力企業：

□ セラミックおよびその他の不織布

□ マイカ

□ エアロゲル

□ コーティング（発泡性防火塗料など）

□ 封止材

□ 発泡封止材

□ 防火特性を備えた圧縮パッド

□ 相変化材料

□ 防火材料としてのポリマー

□ その他の材料カテゴリー

● 液浸冷却の概要と防火への影響

● EVにおける防火材料のユースケース：

□ 自動車

□ 大型車および商用車

□ その他の車両カテゴリー

● 筐体材料の影響

● ブスバー・高電圧ケーブルの絶縁

● 10年間の市場予測：

□ 材料別に見るセル間の保護（kg）

□ 材料別に見るパック単位の保護（kg）

□ 材料別に見る防火材料総量（kg）

□ 材料別に見る防火材料総額（ドル）

□ 車両カテゴリー別に見る防火材料総量（kg）

□ 車両カテゴリー別に見る防火材料総額（ドル）

 

Electric vehicle (EV) fire safety continues to be a critical topic. Data continues to support the fact that EVs are less likely to catch fire than internal combustion engine vehicles. However, as a new technology, EVs get more press, and besides, even a very low occurrence rate still poses significant risks to vehicle occupants and surroundings. Effective thermal management, quality control, and battery management systems minimize the risk of thermal runaway occurring, but fire protection materials are the primary method of either preventing the propagation of thermal runaway or delaying its progression long enough to meet regulations and provide safety for occupants.

 

IDTechEx's report on Fire Protection Materials for Electric Vehicle Batteries analyzes trends in battery design, safety regulations, and how these will impact fire protection materials. The report benchmarks materials directly and in application within EV battery packs. The materials covered include ceramic blankets/sheets (and other non-wovens), mica, aerogels, coatings (intumescent and other), encapsulants, encapsulating foams, compression pads, phase change materials, and several other materials. 10-year market forecasts are included by material and vehicle category.

 

Whilst automotive markets provide the largest battery demand, there are large opportunities for material suppliers in other vehicle segments such as buses, trucks, vans, 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers, and microcars. Some of these smaller vehicle sectors present an even greater risk to owners, as they are often charged or kept inside the home.

 

Various cell formats and battery structures are used in the EV market. In 2022, 55% of new electric cars sold used prismatic battery cells, with pouch cells accounting for 24% and the rest using cylindrical. Each of these cell formats has different needs in terms of inter-cell materials which has led to trends in fire protection material adoption. For example, cylindrical systems have largely used encapsulating foams, whereas prismatic systems typically use materials in sheet format such as mica.

 

Many manufacturers are also moving towards a cell-to-pack design where module housings (and a host of other materials) are removed, leading to improved energy density, but potentially more challenging thermal runaway propagation prevention. These design choices all greatly impact the choice and deployment of fire protection materials and hence are covered in IDTechEx's report to aid in determining material demands.

 

 

 

Ceramic blankets have been a common choice to provide protection above the cells and below the lid and to delay the propagation of fire outside the pack. Mica sheets are another popular choice with excellent dielectric performance at thin thicknesses between cells but are often used in thicker sheets above modules. Aerogels are continuing to see market progress with significant adoption in China, but also now globally with adoption from GM, Toyota, and Audi to name a few.

 

The use of encapsulating foams has also seen significant adoption for cylindrical cell battery packs with the likes of Tesla, to provide lightweight thermal insulation and structure. For pouch cells, compression pads are commonplace to accommodate cell swelling and several material suppliers are starting to combine this functionality with fire protection to provide a multifunctional solution.

 

There are many material options in addition to the ones discussed above, and polymer suppliers are making a big push to provide major components of the battery pack with fire-retardant polymers or even polymers with intumescent properties. These have the potential to be lighter, more customizable in geometry, and lower cost that metals and fire protection materials combined. However, there are still significant challenges here, such as integrating EMI shielding and providing the necessary crash performance.

 

Many will be aware that China was an early adopter of thermal runaway specific regulations, with, among other requirements, a need to prevent fire or smoke exiting the battery pack for 5 minutes after the event occurs.

 

The regulations in other regions are getting closer to being formalized with the UN ECE regulation continuing to be revised. Whilst the specific targets are still in flux, it is very likely that detection of thermal runaway will be required, followed by an "escape time" for vehicle occupants. The 5-minute escape time is unlikely to be sufficient for future regulations and more effective thermal runaway propagation measures will be necessary. Therefore OEMs have started to target longer escape times in order to pre-empt future regulations and improve overall safety.

 

IDTechEx's report discusses the regulations that are currently in place and those being discussed. These feed into IDTechEx's market forecasts showing a greater adoption of fire protection materials per vehicle. However, this must be paired with trends around battery development that can often reduce material use per vehicle. The variety of battery designs and material solutions presents a large opportunity across several markets and suppliers. IDTechEx predicts this market will grow at 16.3% CAGR from 2023 to 2034.

 

Overview and evolution of:

 

Material analysis and trends including thermal conductivity, dielectric strength, density, and more for:

 

10 year market forecasts & analysis:

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アイディーテックエックス株式会社 (IDTechEx日本法人)

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担当: 村越美和子 m.murakoshi@idtechex.com