1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Key Report Findings |
1.2. | Advantages of / Barriers to Machine Electrification |
1.3. | Construction Machines Overview |
1.4. | Agriculture Machines Overview |
1.5. | Mining Machines Overview |
1.6. | Battery Sizing for Different Machine Types |
1.7. | Battery Chemistries for Different Machine Sizes |
1.8. | Battery Cycle Life Requirements |
1.9. | Battery Performance Requirements |
1.10. | Battery Pack Requirements for EV Construction Machines |
1.11. | Battery Pack Requirements for EV Agriculture Machines |
1.12. | Battery Pack Requirements for EV Mining Machines |
1.13. | Battery Cost Requirements |
1.14. | Turnkey Battery Pack Suppliers Analysis |
1.15. | Cycle Life vs Energy Density for Different Chemistries |
1.16. | Lithium Battery Chemistries |
1.17. | Key Differences Between Battery Technologies |
1.18. | Battery Technology Comparison |
1.19. | Best Fit Battery Technologies for Construction Machines |
1.20. | Best Fit Battery Technologies for Agriculture Machines |
1.21. | Best Fit Battery Technologies for Mining Machines |
1.22. | Total Battery Demand (GWh) by Region 2024 - 2034 |
1.23. | Total Battery Demand (GWh) by Industry 2024 - 2034 |
1.24. | Total Battery Demand (GWh) by Chemistry 2024 - 2034 |
2. | INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CAM EQUIPMENT |
2.1. | Electric Construction Equipment |
2.1.1. | Overview of Electric Construction Vehicles |
2.1.2. | Key Construction Machine Types for Electrification |
2.1.3. | Advantages of / Barriers to Machine Electrification |
2.1.4. | Electrification Activity of Major Construction OEMs (1) |
2.1.5. | Electrification Activity of Major Construction OEMs (2) |
2.1.6. | Mini Excavator OEMs |
2.1.7. | Example Electric Mini-Excavator - Caterpillar 301.9 |
2.1.8. | Medium / Large Excavator OEMs |
2.1.9. | Example Excavator - John Deere 145 X-Tier |
2.1.10. | Compact Loaders / Skid Steer / Dumpers |
2.1.11. | Compact Loaders OEMs |
2.1.12. | Example Compact Loader - Bobcat S7X and T7X |
2.1.13. | Backhoe Loaders OEMs |
2.1.14. | Example Backhoe Loader - CASE Construction 580EV |
2.1.15. | Wheel Loaders OEMs |
2.1.16. | Example Wheel Loader - LuiGong 856E Max and 856HE MAX |
2.1.17. | Telehandlers |
2.1.18. | JCB 525-60E Electric Telehandler |
2.1.19. | Mobile Cranes OEMs |
2.1.20. | XCMG XCT25EV and XCA60EV PHEV Truck Cranes |
2.1.21. | Other Construction Vehicles |
2.2. | Electric Agricultural Equipment |
2.2.1. | Key Agriculture Vehicles for Electrification |
2.2.2. | Electrification Activity of Major Agriculture OEMs |
2.2.3. | Sub-compact Tractor OEMs |
2.2.4. | Example Electric Sub-compact Tractor: Solis SV26 |
2.2.5. | Compact Tractor OEMs |
2.2.6. | Example Electric Compact Tractor: Rigitrac SKE 40 Electric |
2.2.7. | Utility Tractor OEMs |
2.2.8. | Example Electric Utility Tractor: Case IH Farmall 75C Electric |
2.2.9. | Other Agriculture Vehicles |
2.3. | Electric Mining Equipment |
2.3.1. | Key Mining Vehicle Types for Electrification |
2.3.2. | Electrification Activity of Major Mining OEMs |
2.3.3. | Haul Truck OEMs |
2.3.4. | Example Electric Haul Truck: XEMC SF31904 |
2.3.5. | Dump Truck OEMs |
2.3.6. | Example Electric Dump Truck: XCMG XDR80TE |
2.3.7. | Wheel Loader OEMs |
2.3.8. | Example Electric Wheel Loader: Batt Mobile Equipment BIT210 and BME220 |
2.3.9. | Underground Loader OEMs |
2.3.10. | Example Electric Underground Loader: Sandvik - Toro and Artisan Models |
2.3.11. | Underground Truck OEMs |
2.3.12. | Example Electric Underground Truck: Epiroc Minetruck MT42 SG |
2.3.13. | Mining Light Vehicle OEMs |
2.3.14. | Example Electric Mining Light Vehicle: Rokion R100, R200, and R400 |
2.3.15. | Other Mining Vehicles |
3. | BATTERY REQUIREMENTS FOR CAM EQUIPMENT |
3.1. | Battery Sizing for Different Machine Types |
3.2. | Battery Sizing for EV Machines Smaller Than 50-tonne |
3.3. | Most Common Battery Pack Sizing |
3.4. | Battery Capacity and Runtimes |
3.5. | Battery Sizing for Excavators |
3.6. | Battery Power Requirements |
3.7. | Battery Discharge Rate |
3.8. | Battery Charging Rates |
3.9. | Battery Voltages |
3.10. | Battery Voltages Binned |
3.11. | Battery Voltages in Construction Machines |
3.12. | Battery Chemistries in Different Machine Sizes |
3.13. | Typical Battery Chemistry Choices in Different Industries |
3.14. | Battery Chemistry by Region |
3.15. | Battery Lifetime Requirements |
3.16. | Typical Battery Pack Requirements for Different EV CAM Machines - Construction |
3.17. | Typical Battery Pack Requirements for Different CAM Machines - Agriculture |
3.18. | Typical Battery Pack Requirements for Different CAM Machines - Mining |
3.19. | Battery Performance Requirements |
3.20. | Battery Cost Requirements |
4. | TURNKEY BATTERY SUPPLIERS AND THEIR TECHNOLOGIES |
4.1. | Product Benchmarking and Trends |
4.1.1. | Batteries for CAM |
4.1.2. | Introduction to Turnkey Battery Pack Suppliers and Key Takeaways |
4.1.3. | Suppliers and their Offerings - North America |
4.1.4. | Suppliers and their Offerings - Europe (1) |
4.1.5. | Suppliers and their Offerings - Europe (2) |
4.1.6. | Suppliers and their Offerings - China |
4.1.7. | Suppliers and their Offerings - Other |
4.1.8. | Availability of Different Chemistries |
4.1.9. | Availability of Different Cell Form Factors |
4.1.10. | LTO and Sodium-ion from the Turnkey Suppliers |
4.1.11. | Benchmarking |
4.1.12. | Benchmarking - Best Packs for Gravimetric Energy Density |
4.1.13. | Benchmarking - Best Packs for Volumetric Energy Density |
4.1.14. | Benchmarking - Best Packs for Gravimetric Power Density |
4.1.15. | Benchmarking - Best Packs for Volumetric Power Density |
4.1.16. | Benchmarking - Best Packs for Charging Power |
4.1.17. | Benchmarking - Best Packs for Longevity |
4.1.18. | Benchmarking - Largest Capacity Modules/Packs |
4.1.19. | Ragone Plot - Highlighting Cell Chemistries |
4.1.20. | Ragone Plot - Highlighting Cell Formfactors |
4.1.21. | Energy Density, Cycle Life and Chemistry |
4.1.22. | Energy Density, Charging Speed and Chemistry |
4.1.23. | Energy Density, Charging Speed and Chemistry (NMC and LFP) |
4.1.24. | Thermal Management |
4.1.25. | Thermal Management Options |
4.2. | Supplier Case Studies |
4.2.1. | Build the Battery for the Task |
4.2.2. | Northvolt |
4.2.3. | Forsee Power |
4.2.4. | CATL |
4.2.5. | ABB |
4.2.6. | BorgWarner |
4.2.7. | Hot Swapping - Dimaag |
4.3. | Thermal Management |
4.3.1. | Thermal Management Overview |
4.3.2. | Air Cooling |
4.3.3. | Liquid Cooling |
4.3.4. | Immersion Cooling |
4.3.5. | Analysis of Battery Cooling Methods |
4.4. | LTO Packs for Hybrid Applications |
4.4.1. | Forsee Power and Kubota - Micro-Hybrid Engine |
4.4.2. | Proventia Low-Voltage Batteries |
4.4.3. | Hyliion Battery Module for Hybrids |
4.5. | Merger, Acquisition & Spinout Activities |
4.5.1. | Proterra Acquired by Volvo Group |
4.5.2. | American Battery Solutions Acquired by Komatsu |
4.5.3. | Hyperdrive Acquired by Turntide |
4.5.4. | XALT Energy Acquired by Freudenberg |
4.5.5. | Kokam Acquired by SolarEdge |
4.5.6. | Accelera - Spinout from Cummins |
4.5.7. | Kreisel Acquired by John Deere |
4.5.8. | Futavis Acquired by Deutz |
4.5.9. | ZQuip - Spinout from Moog |
4.5.10. | Romeo Power: Acquisition and Liquidation |
4.5.11. | Bankruptcies: Britishvolt and EnerDel |
4.5.12. | Summary and Key Takeaways |
5. | FUTURE BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICABILITY TO CAM |
5.1. | Introduction to Future Battery Technologies |
5.1.1. | Typical Li-ion Energy Density |
5.1.2. | The Key Differences Between Different Battery Technologies |
5.1.3. | Electrochemistry Definitions 1 |
5.1.4. | Electrochemistry Definitions 2 |
5.2. | Li-ion Overview |
5.2.1. | Lithium battery chemistries |
5.2.2. | Li-ion Battery Performance Comparisons of Typical Technology Options |
5.2.3. | Li-ion cathode materials - LCO and LFP |
5.2.4. | Li-ion cathode materials - NMC, NCA and LMO |
5.2.5. | Li-ion anode materials - graphite and LTO |
5.2.6. | Li-ion anode materials - silicon and lithium metal |
5.2.7. | Moving to high-nickel layered oxides |
5.2.8. | High manganese cathodes - LMO, LMR-NMC |
5.2.9. | High manganese cathodes - LMP, LMFP |
5.2.10. | High-level performance comparison |
5.2.11. | Lithium-ion Technologies for CAM Machines |
5.3. | Lithium Titanates and Niobates |
5.3.1. | Introduction to lithium titanate oxide (LTO) |
5.3.2. | Comparing LTO and graphite |
5.3.3. | Lithium titanate to niobium titanium oxide |
5.3.4. | LTO in CAM Machines |
5.4. | Silicon Anodes |
5.4.1. | Definitions |
5.4.2. | The promise of silicon |
5.4.3. | Value proposition of high silicon content anodes |
5.4.4. | The reality of silicon |
5.4.5. | Silicon Anodes for CAM machines |
5.5. | Lithium-Metal |
5.5.1. | Lithium-metal anodes |
5.5.2. | Li-ion battery cell structure - Li-metal |
5.5.3. | Difficulty of Li-metal anodes |
5.5.4. | Enabling Li-metal without solid-electrolytes |
5.5.5. | Energy density of lithium-metal anode designs |
5.5.6. | Anode-less cell design |
5.5.7. | Anode-less lithium-metal cells |
5.5.8. | Lithium Metal for CAM Machines |
5.6. | Solid-State |
5.6.1. | What is a solid-state battery (SSB)? |
5.6.2. | Value propositions and limitations of solid state battery |
5.6.3. | Energy density improvement |
5.6.4. | Solid-state for CAM Applications |
5.7. | Lithium-Sulphur |
5.7.1. | Lithium-sulphur batteries - introduction |
5.7.2. | Value proposition of Li-S batteries |
5.7.3. | Lithium-sulphur batteries - advantages |
5.7.4. | Challenges with lithium-sulphur |
5.7.5. | Engineering challenges to commercial Li-S |
5.7.6. | Solutions to Li-S challenges |
5.7.7. | Lithium Sulfur for CAM Applications |
5.8. | Sodium-ion (Na-ion) |
5.8.1. | Introduction to sodium-ion batteries |
5.8.2. | Na-ion vs Li-ion |
5.8.3. | Na-ion performance compared |
5.8.4. | Appraisal of Na-ion |
5.8.5. | Appraisal of Na-ion |
5.8.6. | Value proposition of Na-ion batteries |
5.8.7. | Sodium-ion Applications in CAM |
5.9. | Aluminium-ion (Al-ion) |
5.9.1. | Why the interest in aluminium-ion? |
5.9.2. | Battery chemistries compared |
5.9.3. | Conclusions |
5.9.4. | Aluminum-ion Applications in CAM |
5.10. | Zn-Based Batteries (Zinc-air, Zinc-ion, Zinc-Bromide) |
5.10.1. | Zn-based batteries |
5.10.2. | Zn-based batteries - introduction |
5.10.3. | Zinc-based batteries |
5.10.4. | Zinc-air batteries |
5.10.5. | Problems and solutions for rechargeable Zn-air batteries |
5.10.6. | Remarks on Zn-based batteries |
5.10.7. | Zinc-based Battery Applications in CAM |
5.11. | Summary of Battery Technologies and How They Fit with CAM |
5.11.1. | Battery Technology Comparison |
5.11.2. | Best Fit Battery Technologies for Construction Machines |
5.11.3. | Best Fit Battery Technologies for Agriculture Machines |
5.11.4. | Best Fit Battery Technologies for Mining Machines |
6. | FORECASTS |
6.1. | Forecast Methodology: Unit Vehicles Addressable Market and EV Forecasts |
6.2. | Total Electric Vehicle Market (unit sales) by Industry 2024 - 2034 |
6.3. | Forecast Methodology: Battery Demand and Revenue Forecasts |
6.4. | Forecast Assumptions |
6.5. | Total Battery Demand (GWh) by Region 2024 - 2034 |
6.6. | Total Battery Demand (GWh) by Industry 2024 - 2034 |
6.7. | Total Battery Demand (GWh) by Machine Type 2024 - 2034 (1) |
6.8. | Total Battery Demand (GWh) by Machine Type 2024 - 2034 (2) |
6.9. | Total Battery Demand (GWh) by Chemistry 2024 - 2034 |
6.10. | Revenue (US$ Billion) from CAM Battery Market by Region 2024 - 2034 |
6.11. | Revenue (US$ Billion) from CAM Battery Market by Industry 2024 - 2034 |
6.12. | Battery Demand (GWh) for Construction by Chemistry 2024 - 2034 |
6.13. | Battery Demand (GWh) for Agriculture by Chemistry 2024 - 2034 |
6.14. | Battery Demand (GWh) for Mining by Chemistry 2024 - 2034 |
7. | COMPANY PROFILES |
7.1. | American Battery Solutions |
7.2. | Blue Solutions/Bolloré |
7.3. | BMZ Group |
7.4. | BYD: Electric Trucks |
7.5. | CALB |
7.6. | CATL |
7.7. | Corvus Energy (2020) |
7.8. | Coslight |
7.9. | Electrovaya |
7.10. | Forsee Power |
7.11. | Gotion |
7.12. | Hyliion: Natural Gas PHEV Truck |
7.13. | Kore Power |
7.14. | Leclanché: Heavy-Duty EV Battery Systems |
7.15. | Lithion Technologies |
7.16. | Microvast |
7.17. | Northvolt |
7.18. | OBRIST Group |
7.19. | Our Next Energy (ONE) |
7.20. | Proterra |
7.21. | Romeo Power |
7.22. | SolarEdge |
7.23. | Voltabox AG |
7.24. | XALT Energy/ EnergyPowerSystems (EPS) |
7.25. | Xerotech |
7.26. | XING Mobility: Immersion-Cooled Batteries |